Facelift knowledge map
The facelift.studio knowledge map lists every surgeon, procedure, board, society, meeting and place on the site, each with its page here and the public records that identify it. Wikidata, Wikipedia, the NPI registry and each organization's official site are the outside sources.
Updated 2026-10-28
Who publishes facelift.studio
facelift.studio is a reference on the facelift for patients: the top facelift surgeons in the US, scored; the procedures explained from the medical research; meetings and lectures. Medical Advertising Agency publishes facelift.studio. Featured surgeons are agency clients; every featured position is labeled and is not a score (how featuring works).
- Publisher
- Medical Advertising Agency
- Ranking method
- Top 500 methodology
- Research source
- PubMed, National Library of Medicine
- Machine-readable
- XML sitemap · llms.txt · Site map
Facelift procedures
Each procedure has one page on facelift.studio. The definition below is the opening of that page. A Wikidata link appears only when the Wikidata item is that exact procedure.
Facelift
A modern facelift lifts the deeper tissue of the cheek, jowl and jawline together with the skin, and closes the skin without tension through incisions around the ear. Facelift patients in a FACE-Q study felt they looked about 7 years younger. The techniques differ in how deep the lift goes and which ligaments are released. Wikidata Q1423937 Wikipedia
- Deep-plane facelift: A deep-plane facelift releases the ligaments that hold the cheek down and lifts the skin, cheek fat and underlying muscle layer together as one flap, to treat sagging cheeks, jowls and a soft jawline. Hamra described the operation in 1990, and no study since has shown that it lasts longer than other SMAS facelifts.
- SMAS facelift techniques: The SMAS is the layer of fibrous tissue and muscle under the facial fat, and nearly every facelift done by board-certified plastic surgeons tightens it. Surgeons fold it with stitches, remove a strip of it or lift it as a separate flap; reviews find high satisfaction with each method and none proven best.
- Short-scar facelift and MACS lift: A short-scar facelift uses a shorter incision, usually in front of the ear only, and less skin undermining than a full facelift, for a less visible scar and a faster recovery. It works best on the jowls and cheeks of people with modest neck laxity; the best-known version, the MACS lift, holds the face up with purse-string sutures anchored at the temple.
- Subperiosteal, vertical and preservation facelifts: These facelifts lift the face upward more than back toward the ear. A subperiosteal lift frees the soft tissue from the bone and moves the whole facial "mask" up; vertical, endoscopic and "preservation" lifts are newer versions that leave more tissue attached and often avoid the incision in front of the ear.
- Facelift anatomy: The face is built in layers: skin, fat, a layer of fibrous tissue and flat facial muscles that surgeons call the SMAS, a deep fascia, and the facial nerve branches beneath it. Facelift techniques differ in which layer the surgeon lifts, which ligaments are released and how close the work runs to the nerve.
- Facelift incisions and scars: A facelift scar runs along the temple, in front of the ear, around the earlobe and behind the ear, and where each part sits decides whether the sideburn, hairline, tragus and earlobe keep their natural shape. A fine scar comes from careful placement and from a closure in which the deep layer of the face carries the lift, so the skin is sewn without tension.
- Facelift by age: Most people who have a facelift are in their 50s and 60s, and the average age is about 61. Health matters more than age: carefully selected patients over 65, 75 and even 80 have complication rates close to those of younger patients, and people who have a first facelift younger tend to go longer before a second.
- Male facelift: Men are about 1 in 10 facelift patients in the United States, and their operation follows the same principles as a woman's with changes for the male face. A male facelift is planned around the sideburn, beard and hairline, aims for a natural masculine face, and adds strict blood pressure control because older series found more bleeding under the skin in men.
- Facelift in skin of color and Asian patients: Faces of Asian, African, Hispanic, South Asian and Middle Eastern descent often show aging later and often carry thicker, heavier tissue over a different facial skeleton, so surgeons adjust the lift direction, the neck work, the bone contour and the scar and pigment care. The plan follows each person's own anatomy instead of a racial category, and most published facelift experience outside White patients comes from East Asian patients.
- Secondary and revision facelift: A secondary facelift is a second facelift, usually about a decade after the first, for aging that has continued; a revision corrects a result that fell short or a deformity left by the first operation. Scar tissue makes the second operation harder, yet in published reviews its overall complication rate is close to that of a first facelift and patients are at least as satisfied.
Neck lift
A neck lift tightens the platysma muscle and removes fat and skin under the chin and along the jawline. A deep neck lift also treats the fat, digastric muscles and salivary glands below the platysma. Wikidata Q72369474
- Deep neck lift: A deep neck lift treats the structures under the platysma muscle (deep fat, the digastric muscles and the submandibular salivary glands) as well as the skin and muscle on top. Surgeons add it when a neck would stay full after skin and muscle tightening alone.
- Platysma bands and platysmaplasty: Platysma bands are the vertical cords at the front of the neck, formed by the inner edges of the platysma, the thin muscle under the neck skin. Platysmaplasty treats them by stitching, cutting, moving or denervating that muscle, usually during a neck lift or facelift; botulinum toxin softens them for a few months without surgery. Wikidata Q18388948
- Submandibular gland reduction: Submandibular gland reduction trims the part of the salivary gland that bulges below each side of the jaw, so the neck keeps a clean line after a neck lift; some surgeons lift the gland instead of cutting it. The main risk is weakness of the lower lip from stretching of the nerve that moves it: about 1 in 20 patients in pooled data, and in most series it recovered within weeks to months.
- Submental liposuction and neck contouring: Liposuction under the chin removes the fat that lies just under the skin through small incisions, and it works best when that fat is the main problem and the skin is firm enough to shrink back. Fullness from deeper fat, salivary glands or the digastric muscles, and loose skin or bands, need a neck lift instead.
- Facelift and neck lift after nonsurgical treatment and GLP-1 weight loss: Fat-dissolving injections, fat freezing, energy devices and threads can leave scar tissue in the neck that makes a later neck lift longer and deeper, with contour irregularities afterward. Weight loss on GLP-1 drugs such as semaglutide and tirzepatide takes fat mostly from the superficial layer of the face, so surgery after it has to deal with lost volume as well as loose skin.
Midface and cheek
Midface surgery lifts the cheek fat back over the cheekbone, restores lost volume with fat, or removes buccal fat to slim the lower cheek.
- Midface lift and cheek: A midface lift raises the soft tissue of the cheek, including the malar fat pad and the fat under the eye muscle (SOOF), to shorten the lower eyelid and blend the lid into the cheek. Surgeons reach the cheek through the temple, through a lower eyelid incision or during a facelift, and the eyelid route carries more risk of a lower lid that is pulled down. Wikidata Q141660014
- Buccal fat removal: Buccal fat removal takes out part of the buccal fat pad, a deep fat body in the cheek, through a small cut inside the mouth to slim a full lower cheek and show more of the cheekbone. It suits a small group of people with a round face and a large pad; about 1 in 4 patients has a complication, and no published series has followed patients long term. Wikidata Q4982382
- Fat grafting and volume with facelift: A face ages by losing volume as well as by sagging, so many surgeons add the patient's own fat during a facelift to refill the cheeks, temples and folds. About a third of the injected fat stays, and the cheek volume it adds was still there at a year.
Eyelid surgery
Eyelid surgery removes or moves skin and fat of the upper and lower lids, fills the tear trough, tightens the outer corner of the eye and raises a drooping lid. Wikidata Q2559992 Wikipedia
- Upper blepharoplasty: Upper blepharoplasty removes excess skin from the upper eyelids, sometimes with a strip of the muscle beneath and a little fat. It suits adults whose loose upper lid skin makes the eyes look heavy or tired, or blocks the upper field of vision and causes heaviness, headache and tearing.
- Lower blepharoplasty: Lower blepharoplasty treats bags under the eyes by removing, moving or regrafting the fat that bulges below the eye, and by removing loose skin when there is some. The operation has moved from removing that fat to keeping it and setting it into the hollow along the bone below the eye, because removal alone could leave a sunken, operated look.
- Tear trough and lid-cheek junction surgery: Tear trough surgery smooths the groove between the lower eyelid and the cheek: the surgeon releases the ligament that tethers the groove and fills it with the patient's own fat, either moved from the eye bag on its blood supply or grafted. Surgery is the most predictable and longest-lasting choice for moderate to deep grooves; filler suits a mild groove with good skin, a firm lid and little fat bulging.
- Canthoplasty and canthopexy: Canthopexy and canthoplasty anchor the outer corner of the eyelids (the lateral canthus) to the bony rim so the lower lid stays against the eye and keeps its shape. Surgeons add them to lower eyelid and midface operations that can pull the lid down or turn it out, and to blepharoplasty when the lower lid is loose.
- Blepharoptosis repair: Ptosis repair raises an upper eyelid whose edge sits too low, either by reattaching and tightening the lid's lifting tendon through a crease incision or by shortening a small lifting muscle from inside the lid. Drooping lids are often missed in people seeking facial rejuvenation because the forehead muscle lifts them; one series found it in more than half of those patients.
Brow lift
A brow lift raises a low or heavy brow through small scalp incisions, the temple, the hairline, the eyelid crease or an incision above the brow. Wikidata Q141333520
- Endoscopic brow lift: An endoscopic brow lift raises low eyebrows through a few short incisions in the scalp, using a thin camera, and weakens the frown muscles between the brows. It treats a drooping brow and frown lines; a typical lasting lift is about 3 to 4.5 mm, most at the outer brow.
- Temporal and lateral brow lift: A temporal (lateral) brow lift raises the tail of the eyebrow and the hooded skin at the outer corner of the eye through a short incision in the temple, usually behind the hairline. It suits people whose outer brow has dropped, which usually happens before the inner brow drops, and it is often done with an upper eyelid lift or a facelift.
- Hairline brow lift and forehead reduction: A hairline brow lift raises the eyebrows through an incision along the front hairline and removes forehead skin, so the hairline does not move back as it can after coronal or endoscopic lifts and stays stable for years. Forehead reduction, also called hairline lowering, uses the same incision and moves the whole scalp forward to shorten a tall forehead, by about 2 cm in large series.
- Browpexy and direct brow lift: A browpexy holds up the outer eyebrow with stitches placed through the upper eyelid incision during a blepharoplasty, so the brow does not drop below the bony rim. A direct brow lift removes a strip of skin just above the eyebrow to raise it, and it suits men, older women and people with facial nerve weakness.
Skin resurfacing
Resurfacing removes the damaged upper layers of the skin with a laser or a chemical peel so new skin forms. It treats wrinkles, sun damage and texture that a facelift does not change.
- CO2 laser resurfacing: CO2 laser resurfacing removes the outer layer of skin and heats the layer beneath it, so wrinkles flatten, loose skin tightens and new collagen forms. It treats fine and moderate wrinkles around the mouth and eyes and sun-damaged skin, either over the whole surface (fully ablative) or in narrow columns with untreated skin between them (fractional).
- Erbium laser resurfacing: Erbium:YAG laser resurfacing removes thin layers of skin with each pulse and leaves little heat damage in the tissue around them. It treats fine to moderate wrinkles, sun damage and scars; it heals faster with less redness than the CO2 laser, while CO2 gives more wrinkle improvement in most comparisons.
- Phenol-croton oil peel: A phenol-croton oil peel is a deep chemical peel: painted on the skin, it wounds into the dermis, and the skin heals with a new band of collagen that smooths deep wrinkles and sun damage for years. Croton oil sets how deep it goes, and modern formulas with less of it give natural results without the bleached look of the classic peel.
- TCA and medium-depth peels: A medium-depth peel uses trichloroacetic acid (TCA), usually at 35% after a first coat of Jessner's solution, to remove the outer skin and the top of the dermis so the skin heals with new collagen. It improves sun damage, blotchy pigment, fine lines and precancerous spots, and does less for deep wrinkles and scars than a phenol peel or a laser.
- Resurfacing with a facelift: A facelift moves skin and deeper tissue but does not change fine wrinkles, lip lines or uneven pigment, so surgeons add laser resurfacing, a chemical peel or plasma, at the same operation or later. Done the same day with adjusted settings, the combination had low complication rates: in pooled studies, satisfaction was very high and loss of lifted skin was rare.
Lips, chin and fat
These operations shorten the upper lip, lift the mouth corners, enlarge or move the chin and graft processed fat into the face.
- Lip lift: A lip lift removes a strip of skin just under the nose to shorten the upper lip, so more of the red lip and a few millimeters of the upper teeth show. Newer deep-plane versions lift the layer under the skin as well, so the skin closes with less tension and the scar heals better. Wikidata Q6556148
- Corner lip lift: A corner lip lift removes a small piece of skin at each corner of the mouth to raise a corner that turns down. It treats mouth corners that droop with age or from birth; surgery lifts the corner more than injections do, and it always leaves a small scar.
- Chin implant: A chin implant is a shaped piece of silicone, porous polyethylene or ePTFE placed on the chin bone, through a small cut under the chin or inside the mouth, to bring the chin forward. It suits a mildly to moderately small chin without a major bite problem, and it can be placed during a facelift.
- Sliding genioplasty: A sliding genioplasty reshapes the chin by cutting the lower front of the jawbone through an incision inside the mouth, moving the chin segment and fixing it in its new place. With a facelift it does a second job: bringing the chin bone forward also firms the tissue under the chin and along the jaw.
- Nanofat and microfat: Microfat is fat collected through small-hole cannulas and injected in tiny parcels to add volume, and nanofat is microfat broken down and filtered into a liquid fine enough to inject into the skin with a needle. Both are used for fine wrinkles, skin texture, scars and dark circles, and the evidence that they improve skin quality is still weak.
Safety and recovery
How surgeons prevent bleeding, nerve injury and skin loss after a facelift, how anesthesia and blood pressure control keep patients safe, and what recovery looks like week by week.
- Facelift complications and outcomes: Serious complications after a facelift are uncommon: about 1 patient in 55 needs an emergency visit, a hospital stay or a second operation, most often for a hematoma. Patients rate their results highly at one year, and most still rate them well more than a decade later as aging continues.
- Signs of a bad facelift: A facelift looks bad when the surgery shows: a face pulled sideways, an earlobe dragged down onto the cheek, a moved hairline or lost sideburn, visible scars, or a neck that is hollow, banded or older than the face. Most of these signs come from the direction and tension of the lift and from how much skin, fat or muscle is removed, and many can be corrected in a later operation.
- Facelift recovery timeline: Facelift recovery, as published studies measure it, starts with a first night that carries the main risk, bleeding under the skin, and most people are back to social life in about a week. Return to work averaged two weeks after a short-scar lift, and the swelling inside the face takes about six months to clear.
- Anesthesia and recovery in facelift surgery: A facelift can be done under general anesthesia, intravenous sedation or local anesthesia, in a hospital or an office operating room. The anesthetic plan is part of the safety plan: keeping blood pressure down and preventing nausea and vomiting lowers the risk of bleeding under the skin.
- Preventing bleeding after a facelift (hematoma): A hematoma, blood that collects under the lifted skin, is the most common serious early problem after a facelift. The best-supported protection is strict control of blood pressure, pain and nausea around the operation; tranexamic acid, tissue glue and the hemostatic net each lower the rate in some studies, and none has been shown better than the others.
Facelift surgeons
Featured first, then the Top 500 in rank order. NPI is the National Provider Identifier from the federal NPPES registry, listed when the registry returns exactly one surgeon with the same name and state.
Boards and societies
A board certifies a surgeon by examination; a society admits members and runs meetings; a fellowship trains surgeons after residency. Each row links to the entry on the boards and societies page and to the organization's own site.
- American Board of Plastic Surgery (ABPS), board, founded 1937. Official site Wikidata Q4743217 Wikipedia
- American Board of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (ABFPRS), board, founded 1986. Official site
- American Board of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery (ABOHNS), board, founded 1924. Official site Wikidata Q4743212 Wikipedia
- American Board of Ophthalmology (ABO), board, founded 1916. Official site Wikidata Q4743210 Wikipedia
- American Academy of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (AAFPRS), society, founded 1964. Official site Wikidata Q4742886 Wikipedia
- American Society of Plastic Surgeons (ASPS), society, founded 1931. Official site Wikidata Q4745105 Wikipedia
- The Aesthetic Society (American Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery) (ASAPS), society, founded 1967. Official site Wikidata Q4745003 Wikipedia
- International Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery (ISAPS), society, founded 1970. Official site Wikidata Q65111681
- American Society of Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (ASOPRS), society, founded 1969. Official site Wikidata Q4745100
- European Academy of Facial Plastic Surgery (EAFPS), society, founded 1977. Official site
- International Federation of Facial Plastic Surgery Societies (IFFPSS), society, founded 1997. Official site
- British Association of Aesthetic Plastic Surgeons (BAAPS), society, founded 1979. Official site Wikidata Q48817974 Wikipedia
- AAFPRS Foundation Fellowship Program (AAFPRS fellowship), fellowship, founded 1969. Official site
Surgical specialties that perform facelifts
Plastic surgeons, facial plastic surgeons and oculoplastic surgeons perform facelifts in the US; who performs facelifts explains the training behind each.
Facelift meetings
Meetings where surgeons teach facelift technique, with the organization that runs each one.
- 27th Advanced Aesthetic Plastic Surgery Workshop (AAPSW), The Melbourne Institute of Plastic Surgery; endorsed by ASAPS, ASPS (Australia), NZAPS; RACS-approved
- AACS, American Academy of Cosmetic Surgery (AACS)
- AAFPRS Annual Meeting, AAFPRS Foundation
- AAFPRS Spring Meeting @ COSM, AAFPRS Foundation
- AAPS, American Association of Plastic Surgeons (AAPS)
- Advance Techniques in Facial Rejuvenation Workshop, Saint Louis University PASE
- AMWC, AMWC / EuroMediCom (Informa Connect)
- Anatomic Mastery in Aging Face Surgery: Symposium & Cadaver Lab, Bringing You The Masters (BYTM)
- ASOPRS, ASOPRS
- IMCAS Americas, IMCAS (International Master Course on Aging Science)
- IMCAS Asia, IMCAS (International Master Course on Aging Science)
- IMCAS World Congress, IMCAS (International Master Course on Aging Science)
- Plastic Surgery The Meeting, American Society of Plastic Surgeons (ASPS)
- SESPRS 68th Annual Scientific Meeting, Southeastern Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgeons (SESPRS)
- The Aesthetic MEET, The Aesthetic Society (ASAPS) and The Aesthetic Foundation
- The European Face Lift and Rejuvenation Surgery Course Regensburg, European Facial Plastic Surgery (Holger Gassner)
- Aesthetic Interactive: Facial and Rhinoplasty Symposium, The Aesthetic Society
- AMWC Asia - TDAC, AMWC / EuroMediCom (Informa Connect)
- AMWC Korea, AMWC / EuroMediCom (Informa Connect)
- AMWC Latin America, AMWC / EuroMediCom (Informa Connect)
- AMWC Southeast Asia, AMWC / EuroMediCom (Informa Connect)
- CSAPS 53rd Annual Meeting, Canadian Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery (CSAPS)
- FACE by FATS Bangkok, FATS (Forum of Adipose Tissue and Stem Cell) / FATS Event Management Pte Ltd
- ISAPS Face Masters: Live Anatomy and Surgical Strategy, ISAPS
- ISAPS Official Course - International Aesthetic Surgery Dissection Course (10th ISAPS Course Belgium), ISAPS / CHU de Liege
- Mastering Modern Techniques in Facial Cosmetic Surgery: Deep Plane Face Lift Cadaver Course, American Academy of Cosmetic Surgery (AACS)
- MFI Academy Milano Face Intense Course, MFI Academy (Milano Face Institute, Alessandro Gualdi)
- NYC Facelift & Rhinoplasty Master Course, NYC Facelift & Rhinoplasty Master Course (Ramtin Kassir, chair); CME by AKH
- Reaching New Peaks in Facial Plastic Surgery: Winter Symposium, Facial Plastic Surgery International (The Forum Group)
- The Face. Winter Edition, Plastic Surgery Academy (Michele Pascali)
- UK FACE Congress, UK FACE Congress (Fas Arshad, Norman Waterhouse)
- FACE. Congress Vienna Edition, FACE. Congress (Facial Medicine & Aesthetics)
- Full Face and Neck Surgical Anatomy - USA, Saint Louis University PASE (course directors incl. Andre and Luiz Auersvald)
- Scarless Lift Symposium: Dr. Marc Mani's Fully Endoscopic Face, Brow and Neck Lift Approach, Bringing You The Masters (BYTM)
Journals in the facelift research
The journals that publish the facelift papers on the research pages, with their Wikidata items and ISSNs.
- Plast Reconstr Surg Wikidata Q7202071 · ISSN 0032-1052
- Aesthetic Plast Surg Wikidata Q4688579 · ISSN 0364-216X
- Aesthet Surg J Wikidata Q4688581 · ISSN 1090-820X
- Dermatol Surg Wikidata Q15752669 · ISSN 1076-0512
- J Craniofac Surg Wikidata Q15759095 · ISSN 1049-2275
- Facial Plast Surg Wikidata Q27711003 · ISSN 0736-6825
- Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg Wikidata Q15759091 · ISSN 0740-9303
- J Cosmet Dermatol Wikidata Q15757860 · ISSN 1473-2130
- Ann Plast Surg Wikidata Q15760631 · ISSN 0148-7043
- Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am Wikidata Q26853877 · ISSN 1064-7406
- Clin Plast Surg Wikidata Q27020380 · ISSN 0094-1298
- J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg Wikidata Q15753399 · ISSN 1748-6815
- Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open Wikidata Q27725386 · ISSN 2169-7574
- Ann Chir Plast Esthet Wikidata Q15754861 · ISSN 0294-1260
- Arch Facial Plast Surg Wikidata Q15816676 · ISSN 1521-2491
- J Drugs Dermatol Wikidata Q25380091 · ISSN 1545-9616
- Lasers Surg Med Wikidata Q15755931 · ISSN 0196-8092
- J Cosmet Laser Ther Wikidata Q6295050 · ISSN 1476-4180
- Orbit Wikidata Q7100035 · ISSN 0167-6830
Facelift surgeons by state
Each state page lists the top facelift surgeons practicing in that state, on a map.